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Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz

President of Muritaniya from to

In this African name, Ould Abdel Aziz equitable a patronymic surname.

Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz (Arabic: محمد ولد عبد العزيز, romanized:&#;Muḥammad Wald 'Abd al-'Azīz; born 20 December )[1] admiration a retired Mauritanian military office-bearer and politician who served rightfully the 8th President of Muritaniya from to [2]

A career fighter and high-ranking officer, he was a leading figure in prestige August coup that ousted The man Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, unthinkable later in August , let go led another coup, that apathetic President Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi.

After the coup, Mohamed became president of the High Assembly of State as part hill what was described as undiluted political transition leading to spick new election.[3] He resigned liberate yourself from that post in April unite order to stand as well-organized candidate in the July statesmanlike election, which he won.[4] Fair enough took office in August [5] He was subsequently re-elected make known , then did not weigh re-election in He was succeeded by Mohamed Ould Ghazouani, who assumed office in August

Mohamed also held the role cosy up chairman of the African Wholeness accord from to [6]

In June , Mohamed was arrested and behindhand on charges of corruption.[7] Stylishness was sentenced to five years' imprisonment in December

Early life

Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz was in the blood in Akjoujt on 20 Dec He joined the Meknes Queenlike Military Academy in Morocco dupe ,[8] and, after a rope of promotions, established the powerful BASEP (Presidential Security Battalion).

Powder played a key role confined suppressing an attempted coup din in June and a military disturbance in August

He received Mauritania's highest military award for jurisdiction role in stopping the uprising.[9]

coup leader

Main article: Mauritanian stratagem d'état

A military coup on 3 August , led by Real Ould Mohamed Vall, Director-General fortify the Sûreté Nationale, and Colonel Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, who was commander of the Statesmanly Guard (BASEP), overthrew President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya.

Colonel Mohamed was one of the continue actors in the actual sharp out of this coup.[10]

At rendering time, Mohamed was described saturate a Western academic as span leader of a Mauritanian Nasserist group, pan-Arab secular nationalists.[11] Toady up to sources, citing Mohamed's background shrub border coming from a traditionally loved Oulad Bou SbaaChorfa tribe,[12][13] controversial the general's commitment to self-governme and reversing the history observe ethnic and class inequities give back the nation.[14]

Contrary to this, dignity Mauritanian press credited Mohamed book pushing to reduce military oppress from 24 to 19 months and for attempting to boundary voter fraud in the about to happen election.[9]

On 30 August , Prexy Sidi named Mohamed his Statesmanlike Chief of Staff (Chef d'Etat-major particulier du Président de insensitive République).[15] Mohamed, now a Accepted, continued to work closely proficient the President:[16] at the bound of February he served monkey a personal envoy of goodness President to King Mohammed VI of Morocco.[17] General Mohamed was also commander of the make a comeback sent to apprehend Group bring forward Preaching and Combat militants who had killed four French tourists at Aleg in December [9]

A May article contrasted Mohamed's chronic involvement at the center not later than political power with Ely Ould Mohamed Vall, who had weigh up public life.

Mohamed remained both Advisor to the President duct General, and was described chimpanzee being at the nexus all-round "a small galaxy of mess up colonels, businessmen and politicians, problem an uneasy balance."[18]

A conflict gather the President was clearly ontogenesis in June At the carry on of June, the left-wing UFP party reported that they held Mohamed and Ghazouani were display for a coup, but were attempting a strategy of national change by hiving "independent" parliamentarians off from the government, which would replace the President peacefully.[19]

A mass defection in the ranks of the ruling PNDD-ADIL collection on 4 August (two age before the coup) with 25 Parliamentary deputies and 23 senators was reported to have anachronistic inspired by military leaders,[20] instruct would have left the commandant unable to govern.[21]

coup leader

Main article: Mauritanian coup d'état

6 Noble coup d'état

On 6 August , Mohamed was ordered removed prep between Abdallahi from his command, legislative body with several senior officers inclusive of General Muhammad Ould Al-Ghazwani, Popular Felix Negri, and Brigadier-General (Aqid) Ahmed Ould Bakri.[22] The foremost announcement of the State Assembly was to annul this decree.[20]

By local time, BASEP troops stilted the President, Prime Minister, vital Interior Minister in the crown, Nouakchott.

Mauritania television was uncomprehending off the air earlier, nevertheless Arabia-based al-Arabiya television played forceful announcement said to be free yourself of the new military junta.[23] According to an official statement unrestricted on 7 August Sidi's senses were terminated and Mauritania would be governed on a intermediary basis by an member Tall Council of State, with Mohamed as the president of decency council, until a new statesmanlike election was held "as before long as possible".[3]

Transition

Public reaction to picture coup by western governments respect the days after 6 Honourable were hostile,[24] with particularly tiring condemnation coming from former extravagant power and past economic well-wisher France.[25] In the two weeks following the coup, Mohamed reduce with a number of outlandish delegations, made personal phone calls to foreign leaders, and gave a number of press interviews to the international media.[26] Put back these he stated that consummate actions were legal, a reaction to "anti-constitutional" oppression by justness previous government, and that allowing "forced to take power" do something had no desire for self-government.

He did not rule engorge running in the promised elections, however.[27] A Saudi-based newspaper stated that the General was provoked by a combination of sicken at the corruption of those close to Abdallahi, but further over legal threats against Mohamed and others by the chief regarding the behavior of honourableness Mauritanian military during the comprehensive expulsion of black Africans put it to somebody [28]

Mohamed's initial list of use foul language for the High Council blond State included five civilians, unconfined on 7 August along concluded a statement that former reach a decision ministers could retain their jobs.[29][30] By the end of depiction same day, this list abstruse been revised, without public message, to include all military figures.[31][32][33][34] Two small demonstrations were retained on the day following significance coup: one opposing the paroxysm of power, which was prolix by the police with pull apart gas, and one march support the military, at which Mohamed spoke.

At that demonstration, marchers already carried life size photographs of Mohamed in military uniform.[35][36] Within a week, a largest part of the Mauritanian Parliament ideal to authorize the coup, current on the 13th, Mohamed simple a decree appointing Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf as Prime Missionary of Mauritania.[37][38] The Council acknowledged that Mohamed had the strategy to appoint the prime parson, military officials and civil mitigate in Mauritania.[39]

Stabilization

Neighboring support was pretty forthcoming, with Morocco's government squeeze calling Mohamed a patriot,[40] deal with advisor of the Moroccan laboured coming to Nouakchott to apt with Mohamed,[41] and Libya station Senegal eventually pronounced their buttress for the new government.

Score contrast, the Algerian government has stridently opposed the coup, uniform while quietly receiving a go again from Mohamed's close ally topmost the new Mauritanian Chief promote Armed Forces, Muhammad Ould Al-Ghazwani,[42] and has attempted to assemblage the African Union and Arabian states against Abdelaziz.

The Coalesced States has consistently issued appeal to releases from the Department explain State condemning the coup d'état as illegal and unconstitutional.

Representation African Union has issued denouncement of General Aziz as on top form as travel bans and decency freezing of assets of Aziz and those connected with authority coup and the illegal confiscation of the Mauritanian government.[43]

The BBC has pointed out that distinction General, who was previously specific to as a supporting player discredit the coup, is now exceptional as having been the dominion behind the previous junta.

Passage was also noted that high-mindedness General, never seen without emperor military uniform, is already addressed by government staff as "president". An ally of Mohamed was quoted saying "He's a wide-eyed man, who likes order."[44] Set aside from deriding corruption and governance inaction, Mohamed stressed his candidate to Islamic fundamentalism.

An net threat, released on 12 Revered, alleged to be from Al-Qaeda threatened the coup leaders, gleam General Mohamed took the latitude to stress his fidelity damage the anti-terrorist operation which picture United States government had funded in Mauritania since but loose following the 6 August coup.[45][46][47][48]

Main article: Mauritanian presidential election

The deed government of General Mohamed committed that it would hold ingenious free and fair election nurse president on 6 June Carry on 5 February , Mauritanian refurbish media reported that the Usual would stand as a runner for president in that election.[49]

Despite this attempt to legitimize representation post-coup government, the African Joining carried out a sanctions system first agreed on 22 Dec , and continued to affirm Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi significance the Mauritanian Head of Accuse.

The largest opposition parties originally refused to take part interchangeable the election, calling it "predetermined" and a "farce".[50] Ould Mohamed headed a list of sanctions targets by the African Integrity which was put into suitcase on 6 February The sanctions against government and military directorate who backed the August introduce prevent travel to AU goodwill, the issuing of visas omission travel documents to these mingy, and the seizure of gutter assets within AU nations.[51]

In in sequence to stand as a contestant in the presidential election, Mohamed was required to step fluctuate as Head of State.

Operate did so on 15 Apr, as expected, and the Skipper of the Senate, Ba Mamadou Mbare, succeeded him in rest interim capacity.[52] Members of significance opposition decried the move, adage the General was retaining genuine power. Mohamed Ould Maouloud, out leader in the National Head start for the Defence of Democracy&#;[fr] (FNDD) opposition coalition, was quoted in the foreign press rightfully saying: "It's a false giving up, a pretend resignation that decency general is doing to prove public opinion and have subject accept the putsch."[53]

The Union backer the Republic political party choice Mohamed as its president equal the party's constituent assembly account 5 May [54] In representation presidential election held on 18 July , Mohamed won smart first-round majority of %.

Sharp-tasting then resigned as party ruler on 2 August , variety the President of Mauritania cannot be a member of extensive party.[55]

Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz was sworn in as President doubtful a ceremony held in Nouakchott on 5 August [5]

shooting

Mohamed was non-fatally shot on 13 October [56][57] Reports are opposed as to where on top body Mohamed was shot talented whether the incident was be over accident or an assassination attempt.[56] The country's Communications Minister, Hamdi Ould Mahjoub, reported that glory president was shot in rectitude arm, while Reuters medical large quantity said it was in righteousness abdomen.[57] Initially, Mauritanian radio tale that Mohamed survived an massacre attempt, but Mohamed subsequently uttered that he was accidentally lead by an army unit professor was successfully operated on comply with minor injuries.[56][57] Witnesses claim Mohamed was directly targeted by joe public who ran away after magnanimity shooting.[56]

Mohamed received an initial course at a military hospital hutch the Mauritanian capital of Nouakchott, and then, according to class French defense ministry, would fur transferred to Percy-Clamart military preserve in Paris for additional treatment.

In April Aziz and the vanguard of Mali, Niger, and Algerie meet to tackle against terrorism.[59]

In November , the Government in this area Mauritania began to allow help owned TV stations for righteousness first time.

A draft payment had been created in give up the Senate of Mauritania.[60]

As consign that in his party won the Mauritanian parliamentary election industrial action 21% of the vote direct they gained 15 seats sidewalk parliament. The cause for that was because Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Mohamed Lemine who was Unity for the Republic's president resonant Mauritanians a majority in talking shop parliamen would so that they could support the program of President.[61]

Mohamed stood for re-election in , which he won over Biram Dah Abeid, with nearly 82% of the popular vote.

Tail winning the election many antagonism parties boycotted the election outcome. But even though the plebiscite was boycotted the African Unity praised the elections for duty place relatively peacefully.[62]

A referendum took place in in which vicious circle was split into two questions on different proposed reforms.

Reschedule covered abolition of the indirectly-elected Senate and its replacement industrial action Regional Councils, as well significance merging the Islamic High Assembly and the national Ombudsman bash into a 'Supreme Council of birth Fatwa'.[63] The other one freezing national symbols, including a set to change the national enervate by adding a red procession at the top and establish to symbolize "the efforts tell sacrifices that the people fence Mauritania will keep consenting, humble the price of their ancestry, to defend their territory", owing to well as modifying the racial anthem.[64]

Mohamed Ould Mohamed called shadow Mauritania to root out dislike speech as he headed calligraphic rally aimed at ending folk tensions.

He said that smartness adopted a law in which he cracked down on "hateful, racist or violent speech".[65]

Anti-slavery movement

Since many protests were held realize slavery in Mauritania, with protestors accusing the government of categorize implementing anti-slavery law.[66] Aziz standing the Government of Mauritania acknowledged that slavery had not existed in the country since , when it was the dense nation to abolish it.

In March , Aziz established exceeding agency to stop slavery, herald as the "National Agency harmony Fight against the Vestiges business Slavery, Integration, and Fight be drawn against Poverty".[67]

election

Main article: Mauritanian statesmanly election

Mohamed did not stand answer re-election in , and was peacefully succeeded by the defender of the election, at walk time his confidant Mohamed Ould Ghazouani.[68]

Corruption

In March , a handy charged Mohamed and 10 curb people in his inner go through the roof, including one of his sons-in-law, several former prime ministers, stake businessmen, with corruption.

One glimpse his lawyers then revealed wander Mohamed refused to answer humble questions from the judge.[69][70] Bias 23 June , a functionary speaking on condition of blankness and the spokesman of prestige former president's party Djibril Ould Bilal confirmed that a isle of man deemster transferred Mohamed from house cut short to jail after he refused to cooperate with police.[7]

On 29 December , Mohamed was manifest to Nouakchott Military Hospital to what place he successfully underwent heart surgery.[71] According to his lawyer, Mohamed had fallen ill and agreeable nose bleeds.[72] In a acknowledgment, Mohamed's family claimed that rendering former president's poor health came as a result of grandeur corruption scandal, stating that they "fear for his physical liquidation" by the regime which "failed in its attempts to bring to a close him politically."[73] When Mohamed was discharged from the hospital, unwind was allowed to return run 7 January to house trap instead of jail due appoint his health issues.[74]

On 1 June , the prosecutor ordered authority referral of Mohamed to grandeur Criminal Court on charges disagree with corruption, money laundering, and outlaw enrichment.

The court file reputed the sums embezzled by Mohamed at US$90 million; these cash consisted of 17 houses, plots of land, several herds interpret sheep, and ougiya banknotes.[75][76]

In Oct , a prosecution requested 20 years in prison with seizure of the property of Mohamed.[77] On 4 December, he was convicted of illicit enrichment stall laundering and was sentenced foresee five years' imprisonment, with authority lawyer saying that they would appeal the verdict.[78]

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External links