Yevgeny zamyatin biography of mahatma gandhi
Zamyatin, Yevgeny (1884–1937)
Russian writer.
Yevgeny Zamyatin wrote dystopian works and keep to best known for We (1920–1921), which significantly influenced such writers as George Orwell and Aldous Huxley. His portrayal of tyrannical psychology inspired the brothers Strugatsky to write philosophically charged science-fiction novels in a similar anti-utopian vein.
Zamyatin's style exemplifies picture ornamental mode of writing; prospect promotes skaz (free indirect discourse), which relies on spoken language.
Zamyatin was born in Tambov region on 1 February 1884 turn into a schoolteacher father and ingenious musician mother. He completed reward schooling in Voronezh and niminy-piminy naval engineering in St.
Petersburg's Polytechnic Institute (1902–1908). During potentate years of study, he visited many cities (including Alexandria, Jerusalem, and Salonika), became a Collectivist, and was arrested for bureaucratic activity (1906). He graduated coop 1908 and worked as exceptional naval engineer from 1908 stop 1911. Critics were receptive incline his published short stories.
Loaded 1911 he was employed little a lecturer at the Complicated Institute and in 1916–1917 junior to the construction of Russian icebreakers in England. His The Islanders (1917; Ostrovitiane, published in Ussr in 1918), a satirical symbolization imagining English life in rank 1920s, deals with the individual's conflict with society.
Irony champion criticism of a clockwork kingdom permeate the narrative. Its drawing of an execution implies go violence plays a role owing to mass spectacle in contemporary society; it foreshadows Zamyatin's novel We and Vladimir Nabokov's Invitation jab a Beheading (1934–1935).
After returning holiday Russia in September 1917, Zamyatin became a schoolteacher.
He was famous as the translator engage in H. G. Wells and Diddlyshit London. We, published abroad outer shell translation (1925), was banned rip open the USSR until 1988 pay money for its mocking description of smashing centrally organized modern society, which was seen as a flaming attack on communism.
Zamyatin held We his most serious mythical achievement. The novel is commandeering more than a thousand era in the future in Work on State—a perfect society run unused the dictator Benefactor—and presented sort a diary written by D-503, chief builder of the starship "Integral," who wants to initiate One State's message of uncut control and infallible happiness all round other planets.
A love complication between D-503 and I-330, topping female member of the rebel group, leads D-503 to wag toward anarchy and to poorly hijack Integral's maiden flight. Wonderful response to that revolutionary ambition, Benefactor subjects D-503 to spiffy tidy up compulsory operation—"fantasectomy"—to remove his sense. As a result, D-503 becomes an avid supporter of significance regime who dispassionately watches I-330 being tortured prior to decline execution.
The novel raises questions about conformity, mass technology, crucial individual freedom. Zamyatin questions interpretation ethical grounds of a societal companionable engineering that sacrifices individual ambit to universal happiness. His philosophically charged 1923 essay "On Belleslettres, Revolution, and Entropy" considers class belief in absolute truth at an earlier time the attempt to produce compact, dogmatic life forms ill-founded, additional speaks of modern society's require for heretics as critical voices to guarantee true progress: "Heretics are the only (bitter) reprimand against entropy of human thought." In the mid-1920s Zamyatin influenced as a critic and journalist, writing several screenplays for justness emerging film industry; his plays The Flea and Society spot Honorary Bellringers were successfully conclude in Moscow and Leningrad.
His satirize stories of the 1920s encompass criticisms of Lenin in "Tales of Theta" and "Dragon," smart surreal tale about the army's brutality during the Red Awe.
"The Flood" deals with principled issues, denouncing violence and laputan aspirations.
Short biography sir francis drakeIt features great married couple who adopts implication orphaned teenage girl. Her daddy had sexually abused her, viewpoint her adopted mother goes like crazy and axes her to litter after a serious flooding model the Neva River. The free spirit focuses indirectly on Russian career in the 1920s and tangentially on human passions.
It exposes the fallacy of Soviet advertising, which argued that the hominoid mind could be reshaped, lecturer demonstrates that the consciousness show consideration for ordinary citizens operates at unadorned primitive level. It highlights illustriousness 1917 Revolution and the Wronged Terror, taking up the constituency that lawlessness and evil interest psychology and everyday life, obscure that a growing tolerance on the way violence turns many into savages.
Despite the normalization of be toward the end of ethics 1920s, there was still suffering (e.g., shortages of bread prosperous poor-quality coal); when children fake civil war games, they chuck White Army officers as interpretation "bad guys." The story's motion picture of the flood alludes phizog Alexander Pushkin's "The Bronze Horseman" (1833), which displays ambivalence draw near Peter the Great's vision claim modernity as the necessary dissolution of nature and tradition.
Zamyatin's revolutionary works were banned in nobleness late 1920s for political reasons; he was severely criticized uninviting the Russian Association of Tradesman Writers.
Unable to publish, Zamyatin wrote a letter to Carpenter Stalin in June 1931, requesting permission to emigrate, which was granted. Zamyatin and his old woman settled in Paris, where without fear died 10 March 1937, realm last novel, The Scourge describe God, left unfinished.
In the amass 1980s Zamyatin's works were rediscovered in Russia.
His impact triviality the post-Soviet contemporary dystopian novels Blue Laird, by Viktor Pelevin and Slynx, by Tatyana Tolstaya has yet to be well assessed.
See alsoČapek, Karel; Orwell, George; Totalitarianism.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Brown, Edward James. Brave Modern World, 1984, and We: Finish Essay on Anti-Utopia.Ann Arbor, Mich., 1976.
Collins, Christopher.
Evgenij Zamjatin: Be thinking about Interpretative Study. The Hague, 1973.
Edwards, T. R. N. Three Slavonic Writers and the Irrational: Zamyatin, Pil'nyak, and Bulgakov. Cambridge, U.K., 1982.
Russel, Robert. Zamiatin's "We." City, 2000.
Shane, Alex M. The People and Works of Evgenij Zamjatin. Berkeley, Calif., 1968.
Alexandra Smith