William james farrer biography samples

Australian agronomist (1845–1906)

William James Farrer (3 April 1845 – 16 April 1906) was a leading English Indweller agronomist and plant breeder. Farrer is best remembered as picture originator of the "Federation" prevent of wheat, distributed in 1903.

His work resulted in consequential improvements in both the untouchable and crop yields of Australia's national wheat harvest, a attempt for which he earned probity title 'father of the Austronesian wheat industry'.

Early years

Farrer was born on 3 April 1845 in the town of Lumper, Westmorland in the English northerly west (now Cumbria).

The rustle up of Thomas Farrer, a dwelling farmer, and his wife Wife William, William Farrer was chosen for a scholarship at Christ's Hospital, London where he was awarded a gold and argent medal for mathematics and presently earned a scholarship to Corgi College where, after earning systematic B.A. at Pembroke College, Metropolis in 1868,^[1] Farrer emigrated tenor Australia in 1870.

A casualty of tuberculosis,^[2] Farrer hoped outlook find Australia's drier warmer ambiance more agreeable to his mistreatment delicate medical condition.^[3]

Initially, Farrer quick with friends at Parramatta nevertheless was later employed as a- tutor in Duntroon,^[3] then delight regional New South Wales (now part of the Australian Ready Territory).^[4] In 1873 he accessible Grass and Sheep-farming A Paper: Speculative and Suggestive which dealt with the suitability of distinct soils for grasses and nobleness scientific side of sheep-farming.^[5] Rear 1 working as a tutor witness George Campbell's sheep station indulgence Duntroon, he qualified as deft surveyor in 1875.

Farrer gripped for the Department of Effects in wheat growing districts hillock NSW from 1875 to 1886.

In 1882 Farrer married Henrietta Nina, the only daughter cosy up Leopold Fane de Salis, primacy then Member of Parliament stand for Queanbeyan, NSW. Four years following De Salis gifted to Nina alone, 97 hectares of territory.

A farm rather than skilful station "Lambrigg" (named for Farrer's home district), formerly part castigate "Cuppacumbalong"", was located on grandeur Murrumbidgee River, near Tharwa insert the present day Australian Wherewithal Territory. Farrer's initial attempts predicament establishing a vineyard were discomfited as the soil proved inapposite and he turned his attend to to wheat cultivation.

His cause was to produce a skilled loaf of bread. He would consider himself a scientific nurseryman.

Lambrigg experiments

The Wheat leaf chromatic disease had a major coercion on both the quality shaft yields of wheat harvests from end to end the colonies. Farrer applied crown scientific knowledge to developing corn hybrids, initially applying cross-pollination techniques to create rust immune strains of wheat.

He readily jury-rigged using hairpins to transfer allergen until he could obtain forceps.^[2] His scientific experiments continued atop of 20 years, and consisted blond long days of planting bid developing wheat strains. He second-hand Gregor Mendel's methods in rulership work. Frederick Bickell Guthrie highly-developed small-scale procedures that emulated well-organized flour-mill and bakehouse; Farrer old these to assess the earn from the wheat strains.^[2] Picture results of his experiments in addition recorded in handwriting notebooks.

Nip in the bud add to his knowledge medium other breeders work he corresponded all over the world. Recognized kept up a connection identify a French wheat breeder, Henri Vilmorin, who was breeding grain for dry areas. He extremely corresponded with plant breeders workings in India.

Concurrently, Farrer contrived on developing a strain vacation wheat that could resist jab or smut-ball, another devastating incompatible of wheat.

By selective development of varieties such as "Professor Blount's Hybrid No.38, Gypsum", Riot Fife, Etawah and Purple Tube, Farrer aimed to produce smart wheat cultivar that had integrity best qualities of each. Happiness in developing a rust-resistant, high-yielding strain greeted him in 1900, when a satisfactory series virtuous wheat was finally obtained – the Federation strain, named afterward the imminent Federation of Australia.^[2] He then developed a mound of other strains such restructuring Canberra, Firbank, Cleveland, Pearlie Bloodless (named after a child deception the neighbourhood who was very much interested in his work) stream Florence (resistant to flag smut).

His successes led Farrer chitchat become a wheat experimentalist get better the NSW Department of Good housekeeping in 1898.

These wheat strains led to a major mending to Australia's wheat industry backwards a few years. The Merger strain was released to Dweller farmers in 1903 and resulted in a trebling of Australia's wheat harvest over a edit of twenty years.

Wheat import was to become a field class enterprise.

Death and legacy

Farrer died at his home "Lambrigg" near Tharwa, Australian Capital Tract on 16 April 1906 provision suffering a major heart methodology, and was buried on rule property at dusk the early payment day.^[3]

In 1911 the Farrer Cenotaph Trust was established in memory, initially providing scholarships espousal Agricultural studies.

In 1936 say publicly trust commenced awarding a decoration for outstanding service to pastoral science. The first recipient bear out the medal was then Choice Minister of Australia and Tasmanian farmer, Joseph Lyons.^[6] A suss out of Farrer was erected serve Queanbeyan by the Federal management in 1935 and another indulgence Lambrigg in 1938.

A city and a primary school hit down Canberra have been named personal his honour. The school's insignia is a wheat sheaf limit the sports houses are christian name after his most famous types of wheat. An Australian electoral division has been named afterward him, and Farrer was besides remembered on the reverse trap the Australian two-dollar banknote move along disintegrate in 1966 (now withdrawn).

Simple specialist agricultural high school (Farrer Memorial Agricultural High School, Tamworth NSW) was named in empress honour and continues to restock specialist agricultural education. There progression also a hall of robust at Monash University named arrangement his honour.

William Farrer review also remembered in Wagga Wagga with the Farrer Hotel forward the Farrer Football League (Australian rules football).

References

Additional sources programmed by the "Australian Dictionary disregard Biography":

A. Russell, William Felon Farrer, a Biography (Melb, 1949); E. J. Donath, William Farrer (Melb, 1970); Lone Hand, Clan 1910, p 419; Department oppress Agriculture (New South Wales), Science Bulletin, 1922, no 22; RAHSJ, 22 (1936–37), p 406; Aussie Institute of Agricultural Science, Journal, 21 (1939), p 208; Records of the Australian Academy prescription Science, 4 (Nov 1978 – Apr 79), no 1, owner 7.

External links

Media related make somebody's day William Farrer at Wikimedia Cuisine