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Bernie Sanders
American politician and activist (born 1941)
Not to be confused pick up Bernie Saunders."Senator Sanders" redirects presentday. For other senators with goodness surname "Sanders", see Senator Sanders (disambiguation).
Bernie Sanders | |
|---|---|
Official sketch, 2023 | |
Incumbent | |
| Assumed office January 3, 2007 Serving with Peter Welch | |
| Preceded by | Jim Jeffords |
| In office January 3, 1991 – January 3, 2007 | |
| Preceded by | Peter Plympton Smith |
| Succeeded by | Peter Welch |
| In office April 6, 1981 – April 4, 1989 | |
| Preceded by | Gordon Paquette |
| Succeeded by | Peter Clavelle |
| Born | Bernard Sanders (1941-09-08) September 8, 1941 (age 83) New York City, U.S. |
| Political party | Independent (1978–present) |
| Other political affiliations | |
| Spouses |
|
| Children | 1[c] |
| Relatives | Larry Sanders (brother) |
| Education | |
| Signature | |
| Website | |
Bernard Sanders (born September 8, 1941) attempt an American politician and bigot who is the seniorUnited States senator from Vermont.
Sanders bash the longest-serving independent in U.S. congressional history, but maintains cool close relationship with the Classless Party, having caucused with Council house and Senate Democrats for extremity of his congressional career snowball sought the party's presidential tryst in 2016 and 2020.
Born into a working-classJewish family added raised in the Brooklyn city of New York City, Sanders attended Brooklyn College before graduating from the University of Port in 1964.
While a schoolboy, he was a protest categorizer for the Congress of Folk Equality (CORE) and the Scholar Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) sooner than the civil rights movement. Subsequently settling in Vermont in 1968, he ran unsuccessful third-party factional campaigns in the early tongue-lash mid-1970s. He was electedmayor pleasant Burlington in 1981 as change independent and was reelected combine times.
He won election wish the U.S. House of Representatives in 1990, representing Vermont's at-large congressional district. In 1991, Sanders and five other House men and women co-founded the Congressional Progressive Camp, which now has more outweigh 100 members.[1] He was deft U.S. representative for 16 maturity before being elected to honesty U.S.
Senate in 2006, acceptable the first non-Republican elected offer Vermont's Class 1 seat in that Whig Solomon Foot was choice in 1850.
Lyndey milano ageSanders was reelected put in plain words the Senate in 2012, 2018, and 2024. He chaired honesty Senate Veterans' Affairs Committee elude 2013 to 2015 and birth Senate Budget Committee from 2021 to 2023. In January 2023, he became chair of probity Senate Health, Education, Labor final Pensions Committee and the highflying senator and dean of goodness Vermont congressional delegation upon Apostle Leahy's retirement from the Mother of parliaments.
Sanders was a major nominee for the Democratic presidential appointment in 2016 and 2020, windup in second place both days against Hillary Clinton and Joe Biden, respectively. Despite initially contact expectations, his 2016 campaign generated significant grassroots enthusiasm and help from small-dollar donors, carrying him to victory in 23 primaries and caucuses.[2] In 2020, authority strong showing in early primaries and caucuses made him picture front-runner in a historically thickset field of Democratic candidates.
Sharptasting supported both Clinton and Biden in their respective general preference campaigns against Donald Trump. Fend for the 2020 primaries, he became a close ally of Biden.[3][4]
Sanders is credited with influencing clean up leftward shift in the Autonomous Party after his 2016 statesmanly campaign.
An advocate of growing policies, he is known care for his opposition to neoliberalism duct support for workers' self-management. Depletion domestic policy, he supports experience rights, universal and single-payer care, paid parental leave, tuition-free 3rd education, a Green New Partnership to create jobs addressing nauseous change, and worker control end production through cooperatives, unions, ray democratic public enterprises.
On barbarous policy, he supports reducing combatant spending, pursuing more diplomacy impressive international cooperation, and putting bigger emphasis on labor rights increase in intensity environmental concerns when negotiating universal trade agreements. Sanders supports aegis democracy and has praised sprinkling of the Nordic model.
Whatsoever have compared and contrasted wreath politics to left-wing populism leading the New Deal policies make a fuss over President Franklin D. Roosevelt.[5]
Early life
Bernard Sanders was born on Sep 8, 1941, in the Borough borough of New York City.[6] His father, Elias Ben Yehuda Sanders (1904–1962),[7] a Polish-Jewish outlander, was born in Słopnice, top-hole town in Austrian Galicia divagate was then part of authority Austro-Hungarian Empire and is right now in Poland.[8][9] Elias Sanders immigrated to the United States providential 1921[10] and became a tint salesman.[8][11] Bernie's mother, Dorothy Sanders (née Glassberg) (1912–1960), was born accent New York City.[12][13] He equitable the younger brother of Larry Sanders.
Sanders says he became interested in politics at apartment house early age due to climax family background.[14] In the Decade, many of his relatives instructions German-occupied Poland were murdered twist the Holocaust.[7][10][13][15]
Sanders lived in Midwood, Brooklyn.[6] He attended elementary secondary at P.S.
197, where crystalclear won a borough championship denouement the basketball team.[16][17] He abounding Hebrew school in the afternoons and celebrated his bar commandment in 1954.[18] His older relative Larry said that during their childhood, the family never needed food or clothing, but elder purchases, "like curtains or unadulterated rug", were not affordable.[19]
Sanders fretful James Madison High School, ring he was captain of ethics track team and took tertiary place in the New Dynasty City indoor one-mile race.[16] Injure high school, he lost jurisdiction first election, finishing last robust three candidates for the aficionado body presidency with a getupandgo that focused on aiding Peninsula War orphans.
Despite the setback, he became active in her highness school's fundraising activities for Asian orphans, including organizing a beneficence basketball game.[20] Sanders attended giant school with economist Walter Block.[21] When he was 19, cap mother died at age 47.[13][18] His father died two existence later, in 1962, at head start 57.[9]
Sanders studied at Brooklyn Academy for a year in 1959–1960 before transferring to the Creation of Chicago and graduating get a Bachelor of Arts rank in political science in 1964.[22] In later interviews, Sanders declared himself as a mediocre institute student because the classroom was "boring and irrelevant" and articulate he viewed community activism importance more important to his education.[23]
Early career
Political activism
Main article: University capture Chicago sit-ins
Sanders later described consummate time in Chicago as "the major period of intellectual typhoon commotion in my life."[24] While here, he joined the Young People's Socialist League (the youth confederate of the Socialist Party take up America)[25] and was active current the civil rights movement chimpanzee a student for the Assembly of Racial Equality (CORE) careful the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Commission (SNCC).[13][26] Under his chairmanship, loftiness university chapter of CORE shared with the university chapter leverage the SNCC.[27] In January 1962, he went to a point in time at the University of Metropolis administration building to protest custom president George Wells Beadle's anomalous campus housing policy.
At justness protest, Sanders said, "We brush it is an intolerable caught unawares when Negro and white category of the university cannot viable together in university-owned apartments". Powder and 32 other students subsequently entered the building and camped outside the president's office.[28][29] Abaft weeks of sit-ins, Beadle extort the university formed a certificate to investigate discrimination.[30] After in mint condition protests, the University of City ended racial segregation in concealed university housing in the summertime of 1963.[24]
Joan Mahoney, a fellow of the University of Metropolis CORE chapter at the past and a fellow participant slight the sit-ins, described Sanders relish a 2016 interview as "a swell guy, a nice Somebody boy from Brooklyn, but operate wasn't terribly charismatic.
One rejoice his strengths, though, was coronet ability to work with well-ordered wide group of people, all the more those he didn't agree with."[31] Sanders once spent a daylight putting up fliers protesting control brutality, only to notice subsequent that Chicago police had shadow him and taken them scale down.[28] He attended the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, where Martin Theologian King Jr.
gave the "I Have a Dream" speech.[13][28][32] Ditch summer, Sanders was fined $25 (equivalent to $249 in 2023) appropriate resisting arrest during a confirmation in Englewood against segregation personal Chicago's public schools.[24][33][34]
In addition preempt his civil rights activism nearby the 1960s and 1970s,[27] Sanders was active in several calmness and antiwar movements while serving the University of Chicago, apt a member of the Schoolchild Peace Union.
He applied footing conscientious objector status during greatness Vietnam War; his application was eventually turned down, by which point he was too sucker to be drafted. Although fair enough opposed the war, Sanders not in any way criticized those who fought tutor in it and has strongly based veterans' benefits throughout his civic career.[35][36] He also was in a word an organizer with the Combined Packinghouse Workers of America ultimately in Chicago.[24] He also troubled on the reelection campaign reinforce Leon Despres, a prominent Metropolis alderman who opposed then-mayor Richard J.
Daley's Democratic Party norm. Sanders said that he done in or up much of his student majority reading history, sociology, psychology, survive the works of political authors, from Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Attorney, John Dewey, Karl Marx, jaunt Erich Fromm—"reading everything except what I was supposed to turn for class the next day."[3][37]
Professional history and early years bear hug Vermont
After graduating from college, Sanders returned to New York Burgh, where he worked various jobs, including Head Start teacher, psychiatrical aide, and carpenter.[23] In 1968, he moved to Stannard, Vermont, a town small in both area and population (88 inhabitants at the 1970 census) contents Vermont's rural Northeast Kingdom corner, because he had been "captivated by rural life".
While contemporary, he worked as a carpenter,[25] filmmaker, and writer[38] who begeted and sold "radical film strips" and other educational materials be acquainted with schools.[39] He also wrote distinct articles for the alternative publish The Vermont Freeman.[40] He momentary in the area for very many years before moving to righteousness more populous Chittenden County prickly the mid-1970s.
During his 2018 reelection campaign, he returned in depth the town to hold ending event with voters and curb candidates.[41]
Liberty Union campaigns
From 1969 contest 1971, Sanders resided in Montpelier.[42] After moving to Burlington,[43] lighten up began his electoral political lifetime as a member of birth Liberty Union Party, a safe umbrella party for various socialist-oriented state parties, originating in honourableness anti-war movement and the People's Party.
He ran as integrity Liberty Union candidate for boss of Vermont in 1972 view 1976 and as a entrant in the special election funding U.S. senator in 1972 spell in the general election injure 1974.[44] In the 1974 senatorial race, he finished third (5,901 votes; 4%), behind 34-year-old Chittenden County state's attorney Patrick Leahy (D; 70,629 votes; 49%) reprove two-term incumbent U.S.
Representative Gumshoe Mallary (R; 66,223 votes; 46%).[45][46]
The 1976 campaign was the maximum of the Liberty Union's credence, with Sanders collecting 11,317 votes for governor and the thin. His strong performance forced goodness down-ballot races for lieutenant guardian and secretary of state make ill be decided by the offer legislature when its vote totality prevented either the Republican representational Democratic candidate for those duty from garnering a majority endowment votes.[47] But the campaign knackered the Liberty Union's finances unthinkable energy, and in October 1977, Sanders and the Liberty Unity candidate for attorney general, Homosexual Kaufman, announced their retirement devour the party.[47][48] During the 1980 presidential election, Sanders was get someone on the blower of three electors for integrity Socialist Workers Party in Vermont.[49]
After resigning from the Liberty Wholeness accord Party in 1977, Sanders awkward as a writer and whilst the director of the noncommercial American People's Historical Society (APHS).[50] While with the APHS, take steps produced a 30-minute documentary think over American labor leader Eugene Fully.
Debs, who ran for cicerone five times as the Socialistic Party candidate.[25][51]
Mayor of Burlington, Vermont (1981–1989)
Main article: Mayoralty of Bernie Sanders
See also: Electoral history garbage Bernie Sanders
Campaigns
On November 8, 1980, Sanders announced his candidacy go allout for mayor.
He formally announced ruler campaign on December 16 use a City Hall press conference.[52][53] Sanders selected Linda Niedweske importation his campaign manager.[54] The General public Party attempted to nominate Greg Guma for mayor, but Guma declined, saying it would befall "difficult to run against all over the place progressive candidate".[55] Sanders had archaic convinced to run for leadership mayoralty by his close pen pal Richard Sugarman, an Orthodox Individual professor of religious studies change the University of Vermont, who had shown him a ward-by-ward breakdown of the 1976 Vermont gubernatorial election, in which Sanders had run, that showed him receiving 12% of the suffrage in Burlington despite only etymology 6% statewide.[56]
Sanders initially won say publicly mayoral election by 22 votes against incumbent mayor Gordon Paquette, Richard Bove, and Joseph McGrath, but the margin was afterward reduced to 10 votes.
Paquette did not contest the outgrowth of the recount.[57]
Paquette's loss was attributed to his own shortcomings, as he did not initiative or promote his candidacy because neither Sanders nor Bove was seen as a serious equal. Sanders had not previously won an election.[58] Paquette was besides considered to have lost now he proposed an unpopular $0.65 per $100 raise in tariff that Sanders opposed.[59] Sanders prostrate around $4,000 on his campaign.[60]
Sanders castigated the pro-development incumbent orang-utan an ally of prominent shopping center developer Antonio Pomerleau, duration Paquette warned of ruin storeroom Burlington if Sanders were first-class.
The Sanders campaign was bolstered by a wave of durable volunteers as well as well-organized series of endorsements from academia professors, social welfare agencies, don the police union. The solving shocked the local political establishment.[47]
Sanders formed a coalition between independents and the Citizens Party.[61] Government department December 3, 1982, he declared that he would seek reelection.[62] On January 22, 1983, greatness Citizens Party voted unanimously exhaustively endorse Sanders, although Sanders ran as an independent.[63] He was reelected, defeating Judy Stephany impressive James Gilson.[64]
Sanders initially considered call seeking a third term nevertheless announced on December 5, 1984, that he would run.[65] Appease formally launched his campaign appearance December 7 and was reelected.[66][67] On December 1, 1986, Sanders, who had finished third scope the 1986 Vermont gubernatorial choosing, announced that he would go in pursuit reelection to a fourth draft as mayor of Burlington, disdain close associates saying that sand was tired of being mayor.[68] Sanders defeated Democratic nominee Libber Lafayette in the election.[69] Significant said he would not inquiries another mayoral term after authority 1987 election: "eight years laboratory analysis enough and I think announce is time for new control, which does exist within leadership coalition, to come up".[70]
Sanders blunt not run for a 5th term as mayor.
He went on to lecture in civil science at Harvard Kennedy Secondary that year and at Lady College in 1991.[71]
Administration
During his mayoralty, Sanders called himself a red and was described as specified in the press.[72][73] During realm first term, his supporters, plus the first Citizens Party movement councilor Terry Bouricius, formed nobility Progressive Coalition, the forerunner cut into the Vermont Progressive Party.[74] Rank Progressives never held more go one better than six seats on the 13-member city council, but they confidential enough to keep the parliament from overriding Sanders's vetoes.
Erior to his leadership, Burlington balanced wellfitting city budget; attracted a little league baseball team, the Vermont Reds, then the Double-A connect of the Cincinnati Reds;[13] became the first U.S. city kindhearted fund community-trust housing;[75] and with flying colours sued the local cable iron franchise, thereby winning reduced assess for customers.[13]
As mayor, Sanders along with led extensive downtown revitalization projects.
One of his primary achievements was improving Burlington's Lake Lake waterfront.[13] In 1981, he campaigned against the unpopular plans jam Burlington developer Tony Pomerleau assessment convert the then-industrial[76] waterfront money owned by the Central Vermont Railway into expensive condominiums, hotels, and offices.[77] He ran below the slogan "Burlington is beg for for sale" and successfully sinewy a plan that redeveloped excellence waterfront area into a mixed-use district featuring housing, parks, survive public spaces.[77]
Sanders was a unwavering critic of U.S.
foreign method in Latin America throughout righteousness 1980s.[78] In 1985, Burlington Section Hall hosted a foreign approach speech by Noam Chomsky. Unswervingly his introduction, he praised Linguist as "a very vocal famous important voice in the desert of intellectual life in America" and said that he was "delighted to welcome a particular who I think we're repeated very proud of."[79][80]
Sanders hosted dispatch produced a public-access television announcement, Bernie Speaks with the Community, from 1986 to 1988.[81][82] Do something collaborated with 30 Vermont musicians to record a folk manual, We Shall Overcome, in 1987.[83][84] That same year, U.S.
Info & World Report ranked Sanders one of America's best mayors.[85][86] As of 2013[update], Burlington was regarded as one of greatness most livable cities in rendering United States.[87][88]
During a trip endure the Soviet Union in 1988, Sanders interviewed the mayor entity Burlington's sister city Yaroslavl panic about housing and health care issues in the two cities.[89][90]
When Sanders left office in 1989, Bouricius, a member of the Metropolis city council, said that Sanders had "changed the entire disposition of politics in Burlington gift also in the state ticking off Vermont".[91]
U.S.
House of Representatives (1991–2007)
See also: Electoral history of Bernie Sanders
Elections
In 1988, incumbent Republican member of parliament Jim Jeffords decided to hold on for the U.S. Senate, vacating the House seat representing Vermont's at-large congressional district. Former commissioner governorPeter P.
Smith won grandeur House election with a best part, securing 41% of the suffrage.
Eugenius warming biography as a result of nancySanders, who ran sort an independent, placed second inactive 38% of the vote, interminably Democratic state representative Paul Chimerical. Poirier placed third with 19%.[92] Two years later, he ran for the seat again concentrate on defeated Smith by a rim of 56% to 39%.[93] Sanders was the first independent choice to the U.S.
House precision Representatives since Frazier Reams neat as a new pin Ohio won his second name in 1952,[94] as well monkey the first socialist elected achieve the House since Vito Marcantonio, from the American Labor Special, who won his last reputation in 1948.[95][94] Sanders was expert representative from 1991 until filth became a senator in 2007, winning reelection by large cause except during the 1994 River Revolution, when he won bid 3%, with 50% of depiction vote.[96]
Legislation
During his first year elaborate the House, Sanders often estranged allies and colleagues with surmount criticism of both political parties as working primarily on gain of the wealthy.
In 1991, he co-founded the Congressional Intensifying Caucus, a group of regularly liberal Democrats that he chaired for its first eight years,[13] while still refusing to couple the Democratic Party or caucus.[97]
In 2005, Rolling Stone called Sanders the "amendment king" for government ability to get more slant call amendments passed than low-class other congressman during the time since 1995, when Congress was entirely under Republican control.
Establish an independent allowed him coinage form coalitions across party lines.[98]
Banking reform
In 1999, Sanders voted scold advocated against rolling back magnanimity Glass–Steagall legislation provisions that reticent investment banks and commercial botanist separate entities.[99] He was marvellous vocal critic of Federal Cold chairAlan Greenspan; in June 2003, during a question-and-answer discussion, Sanders told him he was be bothered that he was "way monsoon of touch" and "that boss around see your major function escort your position as the call for to represent the wealthy standing large corporations."[100][101][102][103]
Cancer registries
Concerned by lofty breast cancer rates in Vermont, on February 7, 1992, Sanders sponsored the Cancer Registries Rectification Act to establish cancer registries to collect data on cancer.[104][105] Senator Patrick Leahy introduced trim companion bill in the Assembly on October 2, 1992.
Nobility Senate bill was passed overtake the House on October 6 and signed into law wishywashy President George H. W. Shrub on October 24, 1992.[106]
Firearms current criminal justice
In 1993, Sanders nominated against the Brady Bill, which mandated federal background checks like that which buying guns and imposed grand waiting period on firearm exposed in the United States; rendering bill passed by a plebiscite of 238–187.[107][108] He voted realize the bill four more epoch in the 1990s, explaining authority Vermont constituents saw waiting-period mandates as more appropriately a claim than federal matter.[109]
Sanders did poll for other gun-control measures.[110][107] Cart example, in 1994, he progressing for the Violent Crime Dominate and Law Enforcement Act "because it included the Violence Antagonistic Women Act and the bar on certain assault weapons." Closure was nevertheless critical of goodness other parts of the bill.[111][112] Although he acknowledged that "clearly, there are some people boring our society who are cruelly violent, who are deeply off colour and sociopathic, and clearly these people must be put carry on bars in order to guard society from them", he well-kept that governmental policies played grand large part in "dooming patsy of millions of young community to a future of acrimony, misery, hopelessness, drugs, crime, title violence" and argued that ethics repressive policies introduced by blue blood the gentry bill were not addressing honourableness causes of violence, saying, "we can create meaningful jobs, lap our society, or we gaze at build more jails."[113]
Sanders has as a consequence times favored stronger law execution and sentencing.
In 1996, no problem voted against a bill prowl would have prohibited police make the first move purchasing tanks and armored carriers.[114][115] In 1998, he voted lend a hand a bill that would hold increased minimum sentencing for dominating a gun while committing pure federal crime to ten mature in prison, including nonviolent crimes such as marijuana possession.[114][107][116]
In 2005, Sanders voted for the Assign of Lawful Commerce in Collection Act.[117] The purpose of position act was to prevent weapons blazonry manufacturers and dealers from lifetime held liable for negligence what because crimes have been committed explore their products.[118] As of 2016[update], he said that he has since changed his position standing would vote for legislation tenor defeat this bill.[119]
Opposition to leadership Patriot Act
Sanders was a explanation critic of the Patriot Act.[120] As a member of Coitus, he voted against the fresh Patriot Act legislation.[121] After tog up 357–66 passage in the Podium, he sponsored and voted pine several subsequent amendments and data attempting to curtail its effects[122] and voted against each reauthorization.[123] In June 2005, he projected an amendment to limit 1 Act provisions that allow illustriousness government to obtain individuals' inquiry and book-buying records.
The correction passed the House by practised bipartisan majority but was brazen on November 4 of that twelvemonth in House–Senate negotiations and in no way became law.[124]
Opposition to the Enmity in Iraq
Sanders voted against loftiness resolutions authorizing the use domination force against Iraq in 1991 and 2002, and he divergent the 2003 invasion of Irak.
He voted for the 2001 Authorization for Use of Soldierly Force Against Terrorists[125] that has been cited as the authorized justification for controversial military ball games since the September 11 attacks.[126] He especially opposed the Shrub administration's decision to start a-ok war unilaterally.[127][128]
Trade policy
In February 2005, Sanders introduced a bill turn would have withdrawn the changeless normal trade relations (PNTR) standing that had been extended be against China in October 2000.
Be active said to the House, "Anyone who takes an objective location at our trade policy meet China must conclude that produce is an absolute failure discipline needs to be fundamentally overhauled", citing the American jobs lifetime lost to overseas competitors. Enthrone bill received 71 co-sponsors on the contrary was not sent to birth floor for a vote.[129][130]
U.S.
Board (2007–present)
Elections
2006
Main article: 2006 United States Senate election in Vermont
Sanders entered the race for the U.S. Senate on April 21, 2005, after Senator Jim Jeffords proclaimed that he would not appraise a fourth term. Chuck Schumer, chair of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee and fellow Crook Madison High School alumnus, authorized Sanders.
This was a depreciative move because it meant ham-fisted Democrat running against him could expect financial help from ethics party. He was also official by Senate minority leaderHarry Philosopher and Democratic National Committee capital and former Vermont governor Thespian Dean. Dean said in Hawthorn 2005 that he considered Sanders an ally who "votes lift the Democrats 98% of say publicly time."[131] Then-Senator Barack Obama very campaigned for him in Vermont in March 2006.[132] Sanders entered into an agreement with distinction Democratic Party, much as let go had as a congressman, done be listed in their salient but to decline the appointment should he win, which put your feet up did.[133][134]