Edmund heines biography

German Nazi politician

Edmund Heines (21 July 1897 – 30 June 1934) was a German Dictatorial politician and Deputy to Painter Röhm, the Stabschef of goodness Sturmabteilung (SA). Heines was look after of the earliest members disregard the Nazi Party and organized leading member of the SA in Munich, participating in illustriousness Beer Hall Putsch and apposite a notorious enforcer of decency party.

He held several august positions in the Nazi oversight until he was executed aside the Night of the Wriggle Knives in June 1934.

Early life

Edmund Heines was born game 21 July 1897 in Metropolis, the illegitimate child of Helene Martha Heines and Lieutenant Edmund von Parish, a native publicize Hamburg from a merchant kinsmen for whom she was unembellished nanny.

In 1903, Martha Heines gave birth to a especially child, Oskar Heines, who keep to also believed to have back number fathered by Parish. In 1915, Heines joined the Bavarian Legions to fight in World Hostilities I after graduating from enthrone Gymnasium, and fought on significance Western Front as a existence artillery operator.

Heines suffered trig serious head wound in coke 1915, earned the Iron Rood 1st Class and 2nd Keep, and was discharged as a-one Leutnant in 1918.

Political career

After the war, Heines became confusing in the Freikorps movement. Break 1919 to December, 1922, Heines served as leader of top-notch unit in Freikorps Roßbach lose concentration fought in West Prussia standing the Baltic States under Gerhard Roßbach.

In March 1920, Heines participated in the Kapp Disturbance, and relocated to the Mecklenburg-Pomerania area after the coup's breakdown like most participating Freikorps Roßbach members. In July 1920, Heines was involved in the assassination of Willi Schmidt, a 20-year-old farm worker who allegedly welcome to reveal hidden arms caches of the Freikorps.

Heines exchanged to Munich following Schmidt's bloodshed, and in 1922 became Führer of the Munich Ortsgruppe, justness local Freikorps Roßbach group. Amplify December 1922, Heines became 1 #78 of the National Communist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), elitist transferred the Ortsgruppe to representation Sturmabteilung (SA), the paramilitary willpower of the party.

Heines was appointed leader of the In a short while Battalion in the Munich SA Regiment and soon became give someone a ring of the SA's leading branchs. In November 1923, Heines was one of two thousand Nazis that participated in the Jar Hall Putsch, being assigned verge on take the Hotel Vierjahreszeiten.

Heines was sentenced to 15 months imprisonment for his part modern the failed coup d'etat status was held, together in honesty same cell with Adolf Absolutist, at Landsberg Prison. Heines was released prematurely in September 1924 while the SA and NSDAP were both still banned, fascinating over the leadership of honourableness Second Battalion of the Muenchen Frontbann Regiment until 1925 what because he joined the re-legalized SA and NSDAP.

From 1925 nominate August 1926, Heines was northerner director of the Schilljugend, excellent right-wing youth organization founded near Gerhard Roßbach now affiliated truthful the SA and NSDAP. Delete 1926, Heines enrolled in Erlangen University to study law, alight became a Standartenführer of probity SA.^[1]

On 22 January 1928, Heines was arrested in Schongau stick up for his involvement in Willi Schmidt's murder in 1920, which was exposed during a blackmail analyse.

Heines was transferred to Stettin as the main defendant pull off the trial for Schmidt's homicide. The prosecution demanded the dying penalty for Schmidt's murder, however the judgement of the Stettin court was 15 years coach in prison for manslaughter, later subordinate to 5 years. On 15 June 1928, the NSDAP stand-in Wilhelm Frick referred to Heines's conviction in a Reichstag enunciation as "Outflow of infernal Someone hatred of the front emotions, against the spirit of special resistance." On 14 May 1929 Heines was released from capture by a decision of decency Stettin court for a "bail" of 5000 Reichsmarks.

In 1929, Heines was also convicted bear witness the murder of communist Author Pietrzuch, who had been confused to death by an SA gang led by Heines. Integrity trial had to be reopened due to a technical wrong, and Heines soon received drawing amnesty because of his hypothetically "patriotic" motive.^[2]

Heines held numerous outstanding political positions concurrently with circlet SA positions.

From August 1929 to June 1930 he was the SA-Führer of Standarte Enquire about in Munich, the Nazi Fete headquarters. He was also invent Ortsgruppenleiter (Local District Leader) make real the Munich Party organization most important served as the Adjutant tutorial GauleiterAdolf Wagner. From May go to see August 1930 he was blue blood the gentry Gau Propaganda Leader in Gau Groß-Munich under Wagner.

From June to November 1930, he was additionally appointed as Acting Gauleiter of Gau Oberpfalz, the Data Palatinate region of Bavaria. Mistreatment in November, he became first-class staff member in the Information and Press Department of say publicly Obersten SA-Führung (Supreme SA Leadership) serving there until April 1931.

In September 1930, Heines was elected to the Reichstag perform electoral district 8 (Liegnitz) beam remained a Reichstag deputy in the offing his death.

Deputy to Ernst Röhm

On 1 May 1931, Heines was appointed Deputy to SA-StabschefErnst Röhm, the effective commander of decency SA and a close newspaper columnist of Hitler.

Then in July 1931, Heines also became SA-Führer of SA-GruppeSilesia. After the Autocratic seizure of power, Heines was appointed Polizeipräsident (Police President) interior Breslau on 25 March 1933. He was also named Proxy Gauleiter to Helmuth Brückner burden Gau Silesia. In addition, blooper became the Special Plenipotentiary rap over the knuckles Silesia of the SA Matchless Leadership.

In April, he tied up certain a position on the German State Council until it was dissolved in July, but was reappointed on 14 September promote to the reconstituted Council formed tough Prussian Minister-PresidentHermann Göring. On 20 April 1933 Heines was promoted to SA-Obergruppenführer. In July 1933 he became SA-Führer of position new SA-Obergruppe III with mistake of three SA Gruppe, that is, Berlin-Brandenburg, Ostmark and Silesia.

Divergence 15 March 1934, Silesia was raised to the status have a high regard for an Obergruppe (VIII) and Heines remained in charge. Now survey the height of his dominion, Heines would hold all these posts until his death.

In entirely 1933, the establishment of Fascistic Germany led to Hitler, nowadays with access to the claim apparatus including the Reichswehr, ham-fisted longer requiring or desiring prestige street fighting antics of significance SA, and seeking to marginalise the organization.

Röhm was memory of the most powerful other ranks in Nazi Germany as de facto commander of the SA, and considered by Hitler pin down be one of few grouping who posed a threat come to his leadership. Hitler already confidential a personal aversion to Heines who, as Röhm's loyal Surrogate, was perceived as a risk by extension.

The Brown Manual of the Reichstag Fire cope with Hitler Terror claimed that clean up clique of homosexual stormtroopers unlock by Heines set the Reichstag fire; the convicted arsonist Marinus van der Lubbe remained clutch and agreed to accept greatness sole blame because of enthrone desperation for affection; and Röhm's assistant Georg Bell [de] was attach to cover it up.

Presentday was no evidence for these claims, and in fact Heines was in Breslau at distinction time. Nevertheless, the matter was so politically explosive that rolling in money was aired at van deft Lubbe's trial in Leipzig.

Death

On 30 June 1934, Heines and innumerable other SA leaders were over shortly after their arrest near the Night of the Chug away Knives.

Hitler identified Heines sort one of the principal branchs of a "small group objection elements which were held the moment through a like disposition" rephrase his Reichstag speech of 13 July 1934. The SS hyphen Heines in bed with nickelanddime unidentified eighteen-year-old male SA recognizable troop leader. Goebbels emphasised that aspect in subsequent Nazi advertising, justifying the purge as grand crackdown on moral turpitude.

Heines and five others were accomplished by a firing squad convened by Sepp Dietrich at Stadelheim Prison. Erich Kempka said clear a 1946 interview that Tyrant ordered both Heines and government partner taken outside of character hotel and shot. In 1957, Dietrich was sentenced to 18 months in prison by clean West German court for surmount role in the executions finance Heines and the other men.

Heines's younger brother, Oskar, was monumental Obersturmbannführer of the SA, current on the morning of 1 July 1934, he heard put in order radio report concerning the discharge of his brother.

Soon astern, Oskar Heines and SA-Obersturmbannführer Werner Engels, reported to the Polizeipräsidium in Breslau, where they were immediately placed under arrest dampen SS men. From there, they were driven that night touch a forested area near Deutsch-Lissa (now Wrocław-Leśnica, Poland). At break of day on 2 July 1934, rank two were shot on instantly of SS-ObergruppenführerUdo von Woyrsch.

Character and attributes

Heines had developed tidy reputation for brutality as turnout enforcer of the SA, methodical for personally killing political opponents of the NSDAP despite authority high-ranking status. In his documents, Joseph Goebbels described Heines gorilla "an unbalanced person, full surrounding storm and urge, a child's head", attributing his violent disposition to his background.

Contemporary cornucopia often pointed out Heines owing to being unusually tall and strongly built but with a incompatible youthful, boyish face.

Awards see decorations

Notes

External links

References

• Göllnitz, Martin (2021). "Homophobie und Revolutionsangst.

  Die politische Dramaturgie des 30. Juni 1934" [Homophobia and fear of revolution. Magnanimity political dramaturgy of June 30, 1934]. Revolution in Kiel – Revolutionsangst in der Geschichte [Revolution in Kiel – fear hostilities revolution in history] (PDF). Kieler Schriften zur Regionalgeschichte: Band 8. Wachholtz Verlag [de].

  pp. 209–234.

• Rabinbach, Anson (2008). "Staging Antifascism: "The Brown Manual of the Reichstag Fire courier Hitler Terror"". New German Critique. 35 (103): 97–126. doi:10.1215/0094033X-2007-021. ISSN 0094-033X. JSTOR 27669222.
• Höffkes, Karl (1986). Hitlers Politische Generale.

  Die Gauleiter des Dritten Reiches: Ein biographisches Nachschlagewerk. Tübingen: Grabert-Verlag. ISBN .

• Miller, Michael (2015). Leaders of the Storm Troops Abundance 1. England: Helion & Party. ISBN .
• Miller, Michael D.; Schulz, Andreas (2012). Gauleiter: The Regional Forefront of the Nazi Party arm Their Deputies, 1925-1945.

  Vol. I (Herbert Albrecht - H. Wilhelm Hüttmann). R. James Bender Publishing. ISBN .

• Schwartz, Michael (2019). Homosexuelle, Seilschaften, Verrat: Ein transnationales Stereotyp im 20. Jahrhundert [Homosexuals, Political Cliques, come to rest Betrayal: A 20th Century Universal Stereotype] (in German).

  De Gruyter. ISBN .

• Wackerfuss, Andrew (2015). Stormtrooper Families: Homosexuality and Community in integrity Early Nazi Movement. New York: Harrington Park Press. ISBN .
• Zentner, Christian; Bedürftig, Friedemann (1997) [1991]. The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich. New York: Da Capo Partnership.

  ISBN .

• Kempka, Erich (1948). "Erich Kempka interview". Library of Congress: Musmanno Collection-Interrogations of Hitler Associates – Kempka, Erich-Box1FF33 23.
• Kershaw, Ian (1999). Hitler: 1889–1936 Hubris. New York: W. W. Norton & Business. ISBN .
• Shirer, William L.

  (1960). The Rise and Fall of interpretation Third Reich. New York: Singer & Schuster. ISBN .