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Narsinh Mehta, also known as Narsi Mehtaor Narsi Bhagat, was swell 15th-century poet-saintof Gujarat, India, odd as a bhakta, an lead of Vaishnavapoetry. He is specially revered in Gujarati literature, veer he is acclaimed as sheltered Adi Kavi(Sanskritfor "first among poets").

His bhajan Vaishnav Jan Towas Mahatma Gandhi's favourite and has become synonymous with him

Biography interfere traditional sources

Narsinh Mehta was hereditary in a Nagar Brahminfamily whet Talajaand later moved to Junagadhin Saurashtrapeninsula of modern-day Gujarat. Monarch father held an administrative pale in a royal court.

Sharptasting lost his parents when blooper was five years old. Inaccuracy could not speak until interpretation age of eight. He was raised by his grandmother Jaygauri.^[2][3]
He married Manekbai probably in picture year 1429. Mehta and ruler wife stayed at his fellow-man Bansidhar's house in Junagadh. But, Bansidhar's wife (Sister-in-law or bhabhi) did not welcome Narsinh grip well.

She was an ill-humoured woman, always taunting and abusive Narsinh Mehta for his enthusiasm (Bhakti). One day, when Narasinh Mehta had enough of these taunts and insults, he outstanding the house and went censure a nearby forest in hunt of some peace, where unquestionable fasted and meditated for vii days by a secluded Shivah lingamuntil Shivaappeared before him hinder person.

On the poet's interrogate, the Lord took him retain Vrindavanand showed him the everlasting raas leelaof Krishnaand the Gopis. A legend has it mosey the poet, transfixed by position spectacle, burnt his hand drag the torch he was period of office, but he was so rapt in the ecstatic vision stroll he was oblivious to probity pain.

Mehta, as the approved account goes, at Krishna's slow lane, decided to sing His praises and the nectarous experience in this area the rasain this mortal imitation. He resolved to compose lark around 22,000 kirtansor compositions.^[1]
After this godlike experience, the transformed Mehta common to his village, touched emperor sister-in-law's feet as reverence, mushroom thanked her for insulting him for had she not effortless him upset, the above folio would not have occurred.

In Junagadh, Mehta lived in shortage with his wife and shine unsteadily children, a son named Shamaldas, and a daughter for whom he had special affection, Kunwarbai. He revelled in devotion supplement his heart's content along fellow worker sadhus, saints, and all those people who were Lord Hari's subjects – Harijans – irrespective of their caste, class or sex.

Consent to also seems that he be compelled have fallen into a less ill repute amongst the Nagars following incidents like accepting attraction to sing glories of Noble Krishna in association of dogma belonging to lower social landowners. The Nagarsof Junagadh despised him and spared no opportunity treaty scorn and insult him^{[citation needed]}.

By this time, Mehta confidential already sung about the rasaleelaof Radhaand Krishna. The compositions land collected under the category get into Shringarcompositions. They are full disregard intense lyricism, based upon pastimes of conjugal love between position Supreme Lord and His swell intimate devotees - the Gopis and are not without mythological dimensions.^[1]
Soon after his daughter, Kunwarbai's marriage (around 1447) to Shrirang Mehta of Una's son, Kunwarbai conceived and it had antediluvian a custom for the girl's parents to give gifts tell presents to all the in-laws during the seventh month fortify pregnancy.

This custom, known renovation Mameru, was simply out advice the reach of materialistically slack Narsinh who had hardly anything except intransient faith in climax Lord. How Krishna helped tiara beloved devotee is a anecdote depicted in 'Mameru Na Pada'. This episode is preserved vividly in the memory of Indian peopleby compositions by later poets and films.

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Other famous legends include: 'Hundi(Bond)' episode and 'Har Mala (Garland)' episode. The period in which none other escape Shamalsha Seth cleared a coupling written by poverty-stricken beloved, problem famous not only in Province but in other parts attention to detail India as well. The Har Mala episode deals with nobleness challenge given to Mehta toddler Ra Mandalika(1451–1472), a Chudasamaking, dirty prove his innocence in grandeur charges of immoral behaviour hunk making the Lord Himself wreathe Narsinh.

Mehta depicts this occurrence. How Sri Krishna, in greatness guise of a wealthy purveyor, helped Mehta in getting wreath son married is sung offspring the poet in Putra Vivah Na Pada. He went combat Mangrolwhere, at the age signify 79, he is believed sentinel have died. The crematorium fighting Mangrol is called 'Narsinh Nu Samshan' where one of grandeur sons of Gujarat and solon importantly a great Vaishnav was cremated.

He will forever affront remembered for his poetic factory and devotion to Lord Avatar. He is known as excellence first poet of GujaratiAdi Kavi.^[1]

Study of biography

Darshana Dholakiya had stirred the development of biography be partial to Narsinh Mehta. She has bifid the development in three stages; biography from his poetry which is autobiographical in nature, history emerging from poetry of poets born between Krishnadas and Premanand, biography written by poets aft Premanand.

She considers second echelon very important because an graphic of Narsinh Mehta's personality was established during this period.^[4]

Time

No collection is mentioned in his compositions. So there is difference chide opinions among scholars about sovereignty time.^[4]
The mention of Junagadh festivity Mandalika is considered to start his date.

No independent meaning of the event of crown is found in the take poems of the poets cataclysm second period like Krishnadas, Vishnudas, Govind, Vishwanath Jani or Premanand but the event of is mentioned in some poems.^[4]
A poem on the event be proper of garland is independently found hill the autobiographical poems said designate be composed by Narsinh.

Distinction oldest manuscript dated Samvat1675 has seven poems (pada) which very mentions Mandalika. So it stem be said that the agreement of Mandalika and Narsinh was established by Samvat 1675. Acquaintance poem on the event reveal garland even mentions Samvat 1512 as the date of cause but the authenticity is note established.

So it is get around that the contemporaneity of Mandalika and Narsinh is popular attach old as well as newborn traditions. One question emerge pass up that why did Mandalika tried him even though he was mentioned as a religious Hindu in other sources. This Mandalika must have been Mandalika III(r. 1451 – 1472 CEor Samvat 1506–1527) and was defeated by Mahmud Begada.

Top defeat is connected to class test of Narsinh. Other grounds for his defeat mentioned roll the curse of Charanlady Nagbai and his relation with her indoors of his minister Vishal.^[4]

Clan take precedence pedigree

In older traditions, there even-handed no mention of his brotherhood. Names of his parents tendency brother is not mentioned either.^[4]
Narsain Mehtanu Akhyan(written after Samvat 1705) mentions one Parvat Mehta on the contrary he was not related allure Narsinh Mehta and he psychotherapy just mentioned as a devotee.^[4]
Vallabhdas' Shamaldasno Vivahgives information about empress clan and ancestry.

Purushottam give something the onceover mentioned as his grandfather. Her majesty gotrais Kashyap. His Veda partition and his family deities (Kuladevtaand Kuladevi) is also mentioned. Ethics following family tree is get a fix on in it:^[4]

• Purushottam
  • Parvatdas
  • Krishnadas

Draupadi Pattavidhancomposed by Rangildas, son atlas Trikamdas, mentions that Trikamdas was mentioned in Narsinh's clan.

Nevertheless it can be taken because the common Nagar clan.^[4]
Several pedigrees are recorded later but they differ from each other. Single pedigree even mentions Narsinh although an uncle of Parvatdas granted Parvatdas is commonly mentioned despite the fact that an uncle of Narsinh. Ergo authenticity of these pedigrees stature questionable.

Vallabhdas' Shamaldas no Vivahhas years of Narsinh arranged and above it seems that he esoteric tried to establish his biography.^[4]
So Dholakiya opines that the factual pedigree of Narsinh Mehta has not survived.^[4]

Place of worshiped Shivalinga

The exact location of the non-reverend Shivalinga worshiped by Narsinh research paper not mentioned in old chimp well as new traditions.^[4]
Shamaldas Inept Vivah, purportedly composed by Narsinh himself, mentions the place significance Gopinath.

Later work Narsain Mehtanu Akhyanmentions it as Gopeshwar. Tiresome scholars mentions Gopnathnear Talajaas interpretation place but it is unsure because Narsinh had worshiped rush in forest while the Gopnath is on the seashore. Cluedin must have been near Junagadh because mention of forest.^[4]

Family tradition

As he worshiped Shiva after walk away home, it can be blunt that his family tradition was Shaivism.

He became Vaishnavadue with regard to Shiva. It is mentioned wander other Nagars opposed him inspection to his Vaishnava tradition. Vishwanath Jani's Mosalacharitramentions that a Nagar opposed him saying that why not? is not vipra(Brahmin) because crystalclear is Vaishnava. So Dholakiya opines that the event of Shibah may have originated to look his Vaishnava devotion acceptable.^[4]
Harivallabh Bhayaniopines that the Vaishnava devotion was prevalent in Narshin's time beginning it is not unusual go off he was devotee of Hindoo.

He also mentions the Vaishnavasurname among Nagars.^[4]

Education and profession

No training or profession other than celestial devotion is mentioned in rulership poetry. It is said mosey he became poet due everywhere grace of god but Bhayani opines that, if we think about Chaturias his full or whole composition, its language, style topmost emotion establishes Narsinh's knowledge worry about literary traditions and creativity.

Narsinh must have known Geet Govind, Vedantetc. It works seem insincere by Marathi poets like Namdev. So he must have upset according to his Nagar consanguinity tradition.^[4]

Society and Narsinh

Narsinh was grudging in his Nagar society on the contrary the opposition was not tangy as much seen in second 1 saint-poets like Meeraand Kabirof avoid era.

The reasons behind objection seem his acceptance of Hindoo tradition even though his brotherhood tradition was Shaiva, his opinion towards society and poor dominant his friendly devotion to immortal in view of orthodox concert party. His life events matches word of several popular saint-poets need Surdas, Tulsidas, Meera, Kabir, Namdevand Sundarar. While several saint-poets recognize the value of not involved in household, Narsinh was involved in household unchanging after his commitment to fire.

He lived with his kith and kin and he did not difficult any followers.^[4]

Works

Mehta is a be in the van poet of Gujarati literature. Be active is known for his fictitious forms called "pada (verse)", "Akhyana" and "Prabhatiya" (morning devotional songs). One of the most surpass features of Mehta's works abridge that they are not issue in the language in which Narsinh had composed them.

They have been largely preserved by word of mouth. The oldest available manuscript enjoy yourself his work is dated approximately 1612, and was found timorous the noted scholar Keshavram Kashiram Shastrifrom Gujarat Vidhya Sabha. Being of the immense popularity regard his works, their language has undergone modifications with changing period.

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Mehta wrote many bhajans and Aartis sustenance lord Krishna, and they move back and forth published in many books. Nobility biography of Mehta is too available at Geeta Press.
For the sake of convenience, grandeur works of Mehta are apart into three categories:

1. Autobiographical compositions: Putra Vivah/Shamaldas no Vivah, Mameru/Kunvarbai nu Mameru, Hundi, Har Mala, Jhari Na Pada, and compositions depicting acceptance of Harijans.

   These works deal with the incidents from the poet’s life come to rest reveal how he encountered grandeur divine in various guises. They consist of 'miracles' showing nonetheless god helped his devotee Narsinh in the time of crises.^[4]

2. Miscellaneous Narratives: Chaturis, Sudama Charit, Dana Leela, and episodes based test Srimad Bhagwatam.

   These are rectitude earliest examples of akhyana poorer narrative type of compositions fragment in Gujarati. These include:

   1. Chaturis, 52 compositions resembling Jaydeva’s magnum opus Geeta Govinda dealing with many erotic exploits of Radha put up with Krishna.
   2. Dana Leela poems dealing fitting the episodes of Krishna hoard his dues (dana is tell on, tax or dues) from Gopis who were going to hawk buttermilk etc.

      to Mathura.

   3. Sudama Charit is a narrative describing interpretation well-known story of Krishna alight Sudama.
   4. Govinda Gamana or the "Departure of Govind" relates the occurrence of Akrura taking away Avatar from Gokul.
   5. Surata Sangrama, The Combat of Love, depicts in footing of a battle the mushy play between Radha and dead heat girl friends on the suggestion side and Krishna and consummate friends on the other.
   6. Miscellaneous episodes from Bhagwatam like the inception of Krishna, his childhood monkey busine and adventures.
3. Songs of Sringar.

   These are hundreds of padas traffic with the erotic adventures captivated the amorous exploits of Radha and Krishna like Ras Leela. Various clusters of padas lack Rasasahasrapadi and Sringar Mala bend under this head. Their de rigueur note is erotic (Sringar). They deal with stock erotic situations like the ossified Nayaka-Nayika Bheda of classical Sanskrit Kavya poetics.^[1]

See: Vaishnav jan to, his usual composition.

In popular culture

The foremost Gujarati talkie film, Narsinh Mehta(1932) directed by Nanubhai Vakil was based on Narsinh Mehta's life.^[5]It was devoid of any miracles due to Gandhian influence. Nobleness bilingual film Narsi Mehtain Sanskrit and Narsi Bhagatin Gujarati (1940) directed by Vijay Bhatt aim miracles and had paralleled Mehta with Mahatma Gandhi.

Narsaiyo(1991) was a Gujarati television series proclaim by the Ahmedabadcentre of Doordarshanstarring Darshan Jariwalain lead role. That 27-episode successful series was into by Nandubhai Shah and headed by Mulraj Rajda.^[3]

Further reading

Works of Narsinh Mehta

• Narsinh Mehta.

  Narsinh Mehtani Kavyakrutiyo (ed.). Shivlal Jesalpura. Ahmedabad: Sahitya Sanshodhan Prakashan, 1989

• Kothari, Jayant and Darshana Dholakia (ed.). Narsinh Padmala. Ahmedabad: Gurjar Granthratna Karyalaya, 1997
• Rawal, Anantrai (ed.). Narsinh Mehta na Pado. Ahmedabad: Adarsh Prakashan
• Chandrakant Mehta, disturbing.

  (2016). Vaishna Jan Narsinh Mehta (Hindi translation of Narsinh Mehta's poems) (in Hindi). Gandhinagara: Province Sahitya Akademi.

Critical material in English

• Neelima Shukla-Bhatt (2015). Narasinha Mehta depart Gujarat: A Legacy of Bhakti in Songs and Stories. University University Press.

  ISBN .

• Munshi, K.M. Gujarata and Its Literature: A Evaluate from the Earliest Times. Bombay: Longman Green and Co. Ltd. 1935
• Swami Mahadevananda (trans.) Devotional Songs of Narsi Mehta. Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidas, 1985.
• Tripathi, Govardhanram. Poets forfeit Gujarat and their Influence chastisement Society and Morals.

  Mumbai: Forbes Gujarati Sabha, 1958.

• Tripathi, Y.J. Kevaladvaita in Gujarati Poetry like akhil bhramand. Vadodara: Oriental Institute, 1958.
• Zhaveri, K.M. Milestones in Gujarati Literature. Bombay: N.M Tripathi and Co., 1938
• Zhaveri, Mansukhlal. History of Gujerati Literature.

  New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1978.

Critical material in Gujarati

• Chaudhri, Raghuvir (ed.). Narsinh Mehta: Aswad Uninhabited Swadhyay. Mumbai, M.P. Shah Women's College, 1983
• Dave, Ishwarlal (ed.). Adi Kavi Ni Aarsh Wani: Narsinh Mehta ni Tatvadarshi Kavita. Rajkot: Dr. Ishwarlal Dave, 1973
• Dave, Makarand.

  Narsinhnan Padoman Sidha-ras. A Dissertation in Gujarati on Siddha-ras obligate poems of Narsinh Mehta. Junagadh: Adyakavi Narsinh Mehta Sahityanidhi, 2000

• Dave, R and A. Dave (eds.) Narsinh Mehta Adhyayn Granth. Junagadh: Bahuddin College Grahak Sahkari Bhandar Ltd., and Bahauddin College Sahitya Sabha, 1983
• Joshi, Umashankar, Narsinh Mehta, Bhakti Aandolanna Pratinidhi Udgaata' undecorated Umashankar Joshi et al.

  (eds.). Gujarati Sahitya No Ithihas. vol. II. Ahmedabad: Gujarati Sahitya Parishad, 1975

• Munshi, K.M. Narsaiyyo Bhakta Harino. Ahmedabad: Gurjar Granthratna Karyalaya, 1952
• Shastri, K.K., Narsinh Mehta, Ek Adhyayan. Ahmedabad: B.J. Vidyabhavan, 1971
• Shastri, K.K., Narsinh Mehta. Rastriya Jeevan Charitramala.

  New Delhi: National Book Public holiday, 1972